Below are some common checking list for face mask making machine quality control inspection service:
1.Appearance (Painting & welding)
2.Quantity check
3.Measurement: Product specification
4.Product specification check
5.Marking & labels check
6.Logo 3M Tape Test
7.Internal check
8.Assembly test
9.Actual mask production function test (Making Masks With Material Function video will be shot)
Advantages and disadvantages of trading company:
Disadvantage
1. More and more international buyers tend to purchase directly from manufacturers to obtain price advantages.
2. Manufacturers develop increased awareness of foreign customers. Many factories have begun to develop independently while cooperating with trading companies. Coupled with the adjustment of national policies, the export right of foreign trade has been changed from the original approval system to the registration system, and factory exports have gradually become a domestic climate.
3. The trading company does not have its own factory, there is no advantage in price, and the competitiveness of other domestic suppliers is weak.
Advantage
1. The advantage of a trading company without its own factory is that all factories in China can be their own factories. Customers’ needs are often diversified and personalized. Generally, a single factory is often difficult to meet customer requirements. The advantage of a trading company is Maximize the advantages of domestic factories to achieve customer needs.
2. Analyze the advantages of trading companies by analyzing the characteristics of international buyers and the disadvantages of factories.
International buyers are divided into 4 categories:
a. A multinational company with a procurement department in China that employs domestic procurement staff. Such companies generally purchase directly from factories or from powerful distributors. They know China very well, and the products they purchase tend to be finished products.
b. There is no purchasing department in China, but the person in charge is responsible for purchasing in China. Such companies know or understand the Chinese market very well. They have more or less experience in purchasing in China. They tend to shop around, and high outrageous prices are likely to be eliminated. Such a buyer does not necessarily choose the one with the lowest price, but will use the lowest price to find the supplier he thinks is the best service, hoping that they will accept the price.
c. Small and medium-sized enterprises that have purchasing desires in China but lack experience. Such companies are often the main target of foreign trade companies in the current situation. First of all, they often do not have a person responsible for purchasing in China. They cannot invest too much energy. The needs of customers are often diversified. The products of a factory often cannot meet the requirements of customers. This requires trading companies to take on the responsibility of integrating domestic factories to meet guest needs.
d. Have not considered purchasing in China and have no purchasing experience. The potential of this development seems relatively small, but not all. Some customers have never considered purchasing in China, but when they receive a sales letter, they just have a new project at hand, so just take a look. If the first cooperation is smooth, a long-term cooperative relationship will be established.
Disadvantages of manufacturers:
Although most domestic factories currently have a direct export tendency and have their own salemen, they still have many disadvantages:
A. Insufficient experience. Many trading departments are newly established, and salemen are also novices who only speak English. They lack experience and lack foreign trade leaders with rich experience in trading.
B. Poor ability to judge risk. Of course, everyone is afraid of encountering scams and the like, but they are more afraid than trading companies. Because there is no experience, people who can take the board often can not speak English, and people who can speak English often can not take the board. This cumbersome communication process hinders the factory’s foreign trade route is smooth.
C. Less investment. Although factories want to export, they are often afraid, unwilling or not knowing how to invest. Foreign trade needs investment. And if there is no input, how can there be output?
D. The factory’s products are single and can not meet the diverse needs of some customers.
Airpods is currently the world’s highest-selling wireless headset, and it is also one of Apple’s “explosive” products, occupying nearly 60% of the market share; and according to data from the survey agency Counterpoint, including other wireless headset brands, Shipments will soar from 48 million pairs in 2018 to 129 million pairs in 2020. The “Nikkei Asian Review” pointed out that this strong growth situation has given Apple the opportunity to accelerate the diversification of production areas without reducing production.
U.S. giants may trial production in Vietnam, many U.S. companies fall into hesitation: reluctant to Chinese market.
However, due to Vietnam’s relatively good geographical location and lower cost advantages, Apple has frequently shifted its focus to Vietnam recently. Japanese media pointed out that Apple is planning to transfer 15% -30% of the company’s hardware capacity to Southeast Asian countries, and is evaluating the possible cost impact. At the same time, the impact of this production line transfer to the entire supply chain is also expected. Will appear in 2 to 3 years.
Vietnam’s production disadvantages stand out
Vietnam’s presence in the face of Apple has become stronger and stronger, but can the former really provide Apple with an irreplaceable supply chain? According to the Vietnam People’s Daily, Vietnamese companies currently only participate in processing and assembly business, especially small and medium-sized enterprises currently only 25% of them participate in the global supply chain, while in other countries, the number is 46%, which also leads to the country’s added value of processing At a lower level. In other words, Apple will transfer some hardware capacity to Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, which may not be able to “load”.
On the other hand, Hong Kong’s “South China Morning Post” reported earlier this month that many Chinese and foreign companies are currently moving factories to Southeast Asia, but in fact, the business environment in Southeast Asia is becoming more complicated, especially when many foreign investors are currently in Vietnam. Waiting countries encountered various difficulties in investment. The report bluntly said: The economies and markets of Southeast Asian countries are small, but the corresponding risks are not small.
For example, Vietnam ’s labor costs are constantly rising. At present, the monthly salary of local workers has risen to US $ 140-US $ 180, which is more than ten times that of a decade ago. In addition, the working efficiency of Vietnamese workers is not greater than that of Chinese workers. Gap, which causes companies to incur additional time costs. Therefore, according to foreign media reports, many American companies relocating to Southeast Asian countries have “regretted” and are planning to withdraw from the area. Some US companies have even stated that they “will not be willing to accept the Chinese market.”
1.Appearance
2.Quantity check
3.Moisture test
4.Material check
5.Stability test
6.Logo/Printing 3M Tape test
7.Rubbing test
8.Odor test
9.Logo/Printing 3M Tape test
10.Humidity test
There is no doubt that China has become world factory for decades. Many buyers from worldwide must be concerned about whether the package/goods they will receive from China will be contaminated by 2019nCoV or not. We as inspection company care about this point too, as our inspectors will touch the cartons/goods to conduct the inspection. We check with World Health Organization (WHO), and are glad to see the Question and Answer dated on 1 Feb 2020 from WHO official twitter account.
Q: Is it safe to receive a letter or a package from China?
A: Yes, it is safe. People receiving packages from China are not at risk of contracting #2019nCoV.
From previous analysis, we know coronaviruses do not survive long on objects, such as letters or packages.
https://twitter.com/WHO/status/1223532656778010624 you can scroll down from this webpage on twitter for this info and other questions/answers concerned about #2019nCoV.
We as a responsible inspection company, for the inspections to conduct in the upcoming weeks/months, we will have our inspectors wear mask and take necessary measures to protect themselves while going out for the inspections.
Every city has its own mirror image, especially quanzhou, fujian province.
Quanzhou: its GDP reached 846.8 billion yuan in 2018, ranking first in fujian province and 18th in China.
See the industry quanzhou: textile and apparel, footwear, petrochemical, machinery and equipment, more than seven hundred billion yuan industrial clusters, there is a large number of household name market brands;
Quanzhou: urban per capita disposable income of 46111 yuan, rural per capita disposable income of 20277 yuan, per capita park green area of 14.6 square meters;
There are ecological quanzhou, cultural quanzhou, ancient city quanzhou, and so on.
Mirror image is hard to exhaust, but the pursuit is consistent. Quanzhou municipal party committee secretary Kang Tao told the daily news, from the early stage of reform and opening to the hard work to get rich, to the new era of comprehensive implementation of new development concept, in-depth implementation of the “flexible mechanism, industry, and the people rich, ecological beauty” in a new era of new fujian construction deployment, efforts to play three big battle, build a well-off society in an all-round way, quanzhou kept practicing people centered development thought.
Brave men cut their wrists, seeking to develop high quality
Quanzhou economy, once to fast, to speed to win. From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the establishment of production self-help factory, to the beginning of the reform and opening up, the village ignition, everywhere, quanzhou has experienced the extensive development phase of competition speed and scale. Entering a new era, quanzhou changes its development concept, updates its development ideas, and seeks to “take the lead” in high-quality development.
In longmen town, anxi county, quanzhou, the reporter walked into China international information technology (fujian) industrial park, felt the charm of “China cloud valley”, and explored the positive interaction between the transformation and upgrading of quanzhou manufacturing industry and the construction of ecological civilization.
Turn back the clock to 2010. Stone mining and processing is one of the traditional pillar industries in longmen town, but obviously, this extensive management, environmental pollution development mode, more and more does not meet the requirements of scientific development. Determined to “break one’s wrist”, anxi started a thorough renovation of the stone industry, resolutely eliminated backward production capacity and backward technology, and took the lead in the province to realize the comprehensive withdrawal of the stone industry.
“The stone left after the collapse of the field, give us a cage for birds, turn waste into treasure important opportunity. Park management committee director Chen qingfang recalled. In anxi county county, under the overall layout of the town of longmen decisive for industry transformation, taking science and technology industry highlands, the introduction of national wealth data system co., LTD, China telecom and technology such as network high gold content of a batch of leading enterprises, not only by effect is obvious, also set off an engine of the economy as a number of industry chain, supporting anxi “out of thin air” the wisdom of the industry. Within a few short years, the “cloud valley of China” has seen a surge of wind and clouds, with more than 30,000 people gathering around it, and the output value of the digital economy has exceeded 30 billion yuan.
The same butterfly changes in quanzhou all over the staged. In anxi, optronics industrial park, high-end equipment manufacturing industrial park, xiaquan (anxi) economic cooperation zone huli park and siming park and other modern professional parks have been successively built, creating a huge park economy. In nan ‘an, shijing and shuitou waste quarry treatment project has invested 110 million yuan, and sorted out the land of quanzhou core valley of 2400 mu; In shishi, baogai mountain abandoned grottoes incarnation covers an area of more than 600 acres of canyon tourism sites, with the name of “the valley of the sea of flowers” attract tourists like weaving……
This series of butterfly changes, confirmed quanzhou high-quality development of the pace. Wang yongli, mayor of quanzhou city, said that most enterprises in quanzhou started from the “old business”, transformation and upgrading is not to start over, not to start over, but from the product, technology, management can start, and constantly improve the core competitiveness of enterprises; Starting with strengthening, building and reinforcing chains, we will accelerate the formation of three major industrial sectors: traditional, high-tech and heavy.
High-tech industries are gaining momentum, and new driving forces are emerging. In the first half of this year, the added value of quanzhou’s high-tech industry increased to 19.4% from 16.3% in the previous year. In quanzhou economic and technological development zone, liu yihua, director of the general manager office of ruichi intelligence company, demonstrated a technology of 4K short focus 0.19 projection ratio lens. This “intelligent projection TV”, which is about to enter the market, is a cutting-edge technology product independently developed by the young ruichi company. Lian zhifu, deputy director of the management committee of the development zone, introduced that there are more than 11,000 market entities in the zone, including 15 leading enterprises of small giants in science and technology.
1. Outdoor furniture for Contract use
Use outdoor furniture in public places, such as restaurants, hotels, swimming pools, tourist resorts. Due to the public use of furniture, so there are high pressure requirements.
2. Outdoor furniture for Domestic use
Use in private situations, such as garden, balcony, terrace.
3. Outdoor furniture for Camping use
Easy to carry, folding and disassembly, lightweight construction, used for camping or tourism. Such as fishing chairs, beach chairs
1、Assembly check (according to instruction manual)
2、Loading check:
-For camping chair: 110 kgs on seat last for 1 hour
-For domestic chair: 160 kgs on seat last for 1 hour
For table: camping: 50 kgs, domestic: 75kgs (force apply on center of
table)
If the length is more 160cm, two forces were apply on longitudinal axis of
the table top with a distance of 40cm on either side of the transversal
axis.
3、Impact check for Chair
Procedure: Free drop 25kgs load from xxcm height for 10 times,
To check if any deformation and breakage was found on chair.
4、for child Loading and impact check with half weight of adult ,if the
claimed max weight is heavier than half of adult ,we use claimed max weight for
check.
5、Moisture content check
6. Coating adhesive check by 3M tape
7. 3M tape check for painting
(1) Appearance inspection: observe whether the marks on the dial, back cover and crown are consistent, and check the case, surface and hands for serious scratches.
(2) Sensitivity test: In the state where the mainspring is completely relaxed, move up and down three times. If the sensitivity of the second hand movement is deemed acceptable, otherwise it is not sensitive.
(3) Sound check: When winding, the movement must not “click”. If there is sound or slipping, it means that there is a problem with some of the previous parts. In addition, if the interval between the “snoring” sounds heard by the watch is significantly different, it means that the watch has a serious deviation phenomenon. If the sound is fast and chaotic, it indicates that there is a swing phenomenon.
(4) Checking the setting hand: When setting the hand counterclockwise, the second hand can stop or go back, but when the setting hand is stopped, the second hand should start to move again. Otherwise, it indicates that the sub-wheel in the movement is not tight.
(5) Coincidence check: Turn the hour, minute and second hands to the overlapping position, and check whether there is any friction between the second hand and the glass, between the hour hand and the dial and the three hands. Then observe it step by step at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o’clock.
(6) Calendar check: When checking the watch with the day of the week and calendar display function, there should be no skipping characters or skipping characters.
(7) According to national standards, according to timing accuracy, domestic watches are divided into 4 grades, and the daily differences of the first, second, third, and fourth grades are large or less than ± 30 seconds, ± 45 seconds, ± 60 seconds, and ± 90 seconds, respectively.
Complete quality management control process
1.QCC: Quality Assurance Circle. Including IQC, IPQC, FQC, OQC, QA, QE, TQC, etc.
2.IQC: Inspection of incoming quality. After the material demand order is issued, the company performs acceptance inspection on the products supplied by the supplier. IQC is established on this basis, and its role is to ensure the soundness of the company’s material inventory. Depending on the company’s material inspection standards, the number of people in this department will vary. Classes, groups, or classes can be set up (depending on the size standard) (full inspection, random inspection)
3.IPQC / PQC: Process inspection. After the acceptance of the materials, due to batch sampling and storage in the warehouse area, there will also be quality problems during the process. Therefore, when the product is online, it is required to determine the quality of the first product. Confirmation of parts and quality specifications and supervision during batch production. So as to improve the yield of process products and reduce costs
4.FQC: This is a comprehensive unit. Called warehouse inspection, also called final inspection (process). After the production is completed, the product flows to the offline line, that is, the package is put into storage. In the process, FQC will conduct a comprehensive quality inspection of the product, including packaging, performance, appearance and so on. Guarantee the performance, appearance, packaging of the stocked products and meet the requirements. According to the needs of customers and the need for production control, full inspection and packaging can be set. To put it plainly, it is a group of production personnel who are engaged in packaging inspection and storage after quality training, and are under the line process. It can also be completed by the production unit, and FQC will conduct random inspection and storage.
5.QA: Quality Assurance Engineer. This is a job description and should be said to be the quality assurance team. It is a unit within the company to improve the investigation of customer complaints, and propose process optimization programs to improve product quality.
6.QE: Quality Customer Complaint Processing Engineer. This is a unit for external quality description, processing, and coordination. It is a unit that directly coordinates, explains, and processes with the business and client. Including system file control, customer complaint 8D response, program file formulation, etc.
7.TQC: Total Quality Management. It is a new management concept, a new concept that brings quality into the fields of cost and delivery. On the basis of the original requirements for more fields, so as to improve corporate credibility and more comprehensive control of quality.
Six considerations for quality management
I. Quality Management Planning
1. Job responsibilities of the quality control department (including the duties of the quality control department, the duties of relevant personnel, and the duties of relevant work links).
2. Responsibilities of quality control of relevant departments (including overall duties of relevant personnel and specific duties of relevant departments).
3. Formulation and implementation of quality policy (including formulation of quality policy, implementation of quality policy).
4. Quality target formulation and implementation (including quality target formulation, quality target implementation).
5. Quality standardization management (including clarifying the role of standardization management, formulating standards, implementing standards, and revising standards).
6. Quality model management (including procurement model management, production model management, customer sample management).
Second, quality resource management
1. Implementation and management of quality training (including clarifying the purpose of training, determining the content of training, and implementing training).
2. Quality cost analysis (including quality cost classification, quality cost management division, and quality cost management steps).
3. Quality information management (including the quality information management process, the main content of the quality information center, the use of daily quality information)
Processing of quality information).
4. Quality management work environment management (including, determining the necessary factors of the work environment, establishing the necessary work environment, and maintaining the established work environment).
5. Relevant supplier management (including determining the needs of the supplier, establishing two-way communication with the supplier, determining the supplier’s process capability, and monitoring the supplier’s delivery status
Suppliers, encourage suppliers to implement continuous improvement programs, invite suppliers to participate in design and development activities, evaluate, confirm, and reward suppliers with excellent performance,
Internal Loss Cost Statistics Table 2 External Loss Cost Statistics Table 3 Identification Cost Statistics Table 4 Prevention Cost Statistics Table 5 Waste
Product Loss Summary Table Table 6 Information Liaison Table Table 7 Annual Supplier Evaluation Form).
Third, quality management tools
1. Section 1 Pareto chart method (including making Pareto chart, analyzing Pareto chart, precautions for using Pareto chart method).
2. Causality diagram method (including clarifying the principle of using causality diagram, making causality diagram, analyzing causality diagram).
3. Scatter diagram method (including making scatter diagram and analyzing scatter diagram).
4. Control chart method (including clear control chart principle and making control chart).
5. Association graph method (including distinguishing the types of association graphs and making association graphs).
6. Affinity diagram method (including determining the subject, forming a group, collecting information, writing cards, summarizing and organizing cards, making label cards, and drawing).
7. System map method (including determining the purpose, proposing means, measures, evaluation means, measures, making cards, preliminary drawing, confirming the purpose).
8. PDPC method (including clarifying the use of PDPC method and applying PDPC method).
9. Arrow-line diagram method (including clarifying the application range and application of arrow-line diagram).
Fourth, quality measurement management
1. Management of standard measuring instruments (including the implementation of classification and verification of standard measuring instruments, standardizing the use of standard measuring instruments, and clarifying standard measurement
Note on appliance management).
2. Management of general measuring instruments (including verification of general measuring instruments and use of general measuring instruments).
3. Energy measurement management (including clarifying the energy measurement scope, equipped with energy measurement equipment, verification and maintenance, and clarifying the precautions for energy measurement management)
4. Selection of measuring instruments (including the factors considered in selecting measuring instruments, options for uncertainty selection, and steps for selecting measuring instruments).
5. Calibration of measuring instruments (including calibration types and calibration precautions).
6. Guidance for the operation of measuring instruments (including electronic scales, spring scales, hardness testers, vernier calipers, height rulers 6, thickness gauges, micrometers).
7. Internal calibration standards for measuring instruments (including internal calibration standards for hardness testers, internal calibration standards for depth gauges, internal calibration standards for height gauges, internal calibration standards for outside micrometers, 200-500mm caliper internal calibration standard, 200mm caliper internal calibration standard, thickness gauge internal calibration standard, electronic scale internal calibration standard, steel tape internal calibration standard, temperature
Internal calibration standards).
8. Weekly inspection of measuring instruments (including making a weekly inspection schedule for measuring instruments, submitting a weekly inspection plan for the next year, submitting a weekly inspection plan for the next month, issuing a verification notice, conducting a weekly inspection, and using unqualified measuring instruments are strictly prohibited).
9. Hierarchical management of measuring instruments (including Class A management, Class B management, and Class C management).
Five, quality inspection control
1. Classification and selection of inspection (including classification according to inspection quantity, order according to production process, classification according to inspection site, and classification according to data nature
Classification, classification according to inspection method, classification according to inspection purpose, classification according to inspection cycle).
2. Formulation of inspection plan (including preparation of preparation of inspection plan, contents of inspection plan, and production of inspection flowchart).
3. Feed inspection (including feed inspection overview, feed inspection process, feed inspection items and methods, selection of feed inspection methods, processing of inspection results, emergency release control during feed inspection).
4. Process inspection (including the purpose of process inspection, first-piece inspection, roving inspection, online inspection, completion inspection, and final-piece inspection).
5, semi-finished product quality inspection (including semi-finished product process control, semi-finished product quality inspection).
6. Finished product inspection (including packaging inspection, finished product warehouse inspection and finished product shipment inspection).
Six, non-conforming product control
1. Analysis of the causes of non-conforming products (including product development and design, machine and equipment management, materials and accessories control, production operation control
System, quality inspection and control).
2. Non-conforming product standards (including selection of markers, application of markers).
3. Isolation of non-conforming products (including planning non-conforming product areas, placing signs, and controlling goods in non-conforming product areas).
4. Evaluation of non-conforming products (including application for disposal of non-conforming products, verification application, review and judgment, final review and judgment, arrangement for processing, re-verification,
The QC department classifies the allowable products in allowable income positions).
5. Disposal of non-conforming products (including conditional receipt, picking, rework and repair, return, scrap, and records of non-conforming products).
6. Prevention and control of non-conforming products (including {implementation of preventive measures for non-conforming products, and implementation of corrective measures for non-conforming products}
Seven, quality improvement plan
1. Quality improvement organization and operation (including overview of continuous quality improvement, continuous quality improvement organization and operation).
2. Quality improvement (including the establishment of environmental management leadership, establishment of quality improvement values, attitudes and behaviors, specific formulation of enterprise quality
(Improved goals, mutually reinforcing working relationships, continuing education and training for all employees)
3. Development of quality improvement activities (including identifying improvement opportunities, identifying improvement projects, establishing quality improvement organizations, formulating quality improvement plans, quality improvement
Problem diagnosis, formulation and implementation of quality improvement programs, control and evaluation of quality improvement, verification and confirmation of improvement effects, maintenance of improvement results,
Improve the determination of the project)
4. Implementation of CC activities (including quality control circle overview, QCC team formation, QCC activity development, QCC activity results summary, QCC results release,
QCC activity evaluation, CC common problem solving, QCC successful implementation skills)
5. Implementation of TQM activities (including TQM characteristics, TQM activity content, QC team construction)
6. Sigma management (including {6Sigma management basic connotation, 6Sigma management implementation key, 6Sigma management basic process implementation}
7. Implementation of non-defective plans (including clarifying the prerequisites for the implementation of non-defective plans, implementation of non-defective plans.
A. facial precautions:
1.Do not loosen the skin. (such as genuine leather: toe, toe cover and outer waist, do not appear defective leather, such as insect spots, scratches, hemp spots).
2.Do not hair the toe, the back of the bag should be straight. The height of the waist must be strictly accurate.
3.Do not have floating line, broken line, more do not have no bottom line, jump needle.
4. Whether the ratio of toe tip warping is consistent or not, and whether the comparison is correct or not.
5.Do not crease the inside of the toe tip or make the foot, check whether to climb into the middle sole (consider putting the front port after the cotton shoes to help the front half of the foot car line).
6. Comparing with the sample shoes, whether the vamp is chromatic aberration, whether the brightness and polishing effect are the same as the sample.
7.Do not allow the shoe barrel to be unfitted or crumpled, the zipper to be smooth and the lock position to be firm.
8.Eye fastness is enough (men’s shoes with shoelaces), the position should not have obvious penetration marks, do not hit the foot.
9. Check if there is any drawing under the middle bottom plate, if there is any missing or missing port, or if the port is not hard enough (especially after port must be hard).
10.Check whether the trademark letter class is correct, indispensable letters.
11.No nails in it, no delamination, no wrinkling. The color of the leather should be dyed thoroughly, and the cutting edge should be of the same color.
12 upper toe position, back bag position can not appear, uniform line, can not jump line.
13.Men’s shoes should have eyelet buttons, lining shoes should be aligned, no rough edges, and punching holes should be smooth.
14. leather work shoes of various parts of leather to use, with a pair of to be sure.
15. Whether the port is pulled into the bottom plate. Whether the foot is soft
B. notes for bottom:
1 adhesive force, whether can reach the standard, because the male shoe sole adhesion, such as: with the hand to move in a certain situation does not open the glue, the other two waist can not be short of glue, glue line should be controlled within the scope, especially light color shoes.
2 all male footwear outsole to smooth, can not have steel core penetration marks, outsole can not have concave and convex and front and rear kick phenomenon.
3 the outsole can not be kicked back and forth, the toe head should be positive, the SIZE of the side and outsole must be correct.
4 big bottom, can not fade color, thickness. Soft and hard to reach the standard.
5 the bottom of the strip need to fit in place, there are wrap edge can not take edge, must be smooth, can not open the glue, the glue.
6 The treatment after the outsole must refer to the standard, not under the standard scope.
7 Middle sole, hot sole is rolled edge, insole is stuck firmly.
8. Check whether the middle bottom is made of hard steel and is resistant to bending. Check whether the material meets the company’s requirements.
C. Solidity precautions
1. Whether the tensile force and abrasion resistance of materials have passed.
2. Whether the finished product has passed the cold resistance tortuous test or not.
3 shoe tongue. Woven belt. After the belt and other parts by the tension of parts to reach the standard.